The New Dark Age

14 July, 2010 — Common Dreams

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti – July 12 marked the six-month anniversary of the devastating earthquake here in Haiti that killed as many as 300,000 people and left much of the country in ruins. Up to 1.8 million people are living in squalid tent cities, with inadequate sanitation, if any, no electricity and little security, or any respite from the intense heat and the worsening rains. Rape, hunger and despair are constant threats to the people stranded in the camps. Six months ago, the world seemed united with commitments to help Haiti recover. Now, half a year later, the rubble remains in place, and misery blankets the camps, layered with heat, drenched by rain.

After landing in Haiti, we traveled to one of the more than 1,350 refugee camps, Camp Corail. It is right near Titanyen, which was used as a dumping ground for bodies during the first coup against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and which, after the earthquake, was used for makeshift mass graves.

Corail is on a flat expanse of white gravel, with orderly rows of tents. During the day, the camp becomes searingly hot, with no trees for protection.

Corail resident Romain Arius told me: “In the situation we’re living here in the tents, we can’t continue like that anymore. We would ask them as soon as possible to give us the real houses that they said they were going to give us so that our situation could improve.”

Soon after we left, we heard that a storm collapsed at least 94 tents and sent hundreds of residents fleeing to find shelter.

Haitians are angry, questioning where the billions of dollars donated in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake have gone. The Disaster Accountability Project found that of the 197 organizations that solicited money following the earthquake, only six had publicly available reports detailing their activities.

From the “international donor community,” the wealthier nations, more than $9 billion was pledged, but to date, only Brazil, Norway and Australia have paid in full. Most of the U.S. pledge of $1.15 billion is now being held up in Congress.

Patrick Elie, a longtime Haitian democracy activist and Haiti’s former secretary of state for public security, spoke with me, about land ownership and the earthquake’s enormous toll:

“Land tenure in Haiti is in total chaos. This is also the result of the behavior of the Haitian elites over centuries. They appropriated land, especially after independence and the end of slavery, which would have been common property. And now, there is a lot of discussion about who owns what piece of land.”

Elie said that in this time of emergency that gives the government the power of eminent domain, the key question is whose land will be seized-communal land that peasants have used for centuries, or the vast tracts of land owned by the elites.

I also spoke with Sean Penn. The two-time Oscar-winning actor came to Haiti after the earthquake. Having just been through a medical crisis with his own teenage son, who underwent major surgery, he was horrified at the stories he was hearing about the amputations being performed in Haiti without anesthesia. Penn founded the J/P Haitian Relief Organization (jphro.org) and has been in Haiti for five of the past six months, managing a refugee camp at the Petionville Club golf course with 55,000 Haitians displaced by the earthquake. Sitting in a large tent, Penn was frustrated. Comparing the U.S. resources being spent in Afghanistan (which he called “a ludicrous exercise”) with the U.S. spending in Haiti, he said, “You have a war here, you’ve got a surge coming with storms, but no face to hate, no country to rail at, no natural resources, and the faces here are black.”

Penn says J/P HRO will be in Haiti for the long haul: “We plan to adapt, to adjust. I think our next major new push for us will be rubble removal and working with partners to get people returned into neighborhoods and to again work with partners. Take camp management into community management and advocacy.”

Patrick Elie advocates for popular Haitian leadership in the reconstruction: “We are a people who can fend for ourselves. We have a vision of where we want to go. So we do need friends, but we don’t need people to think for us, or to pity us.”

According to The Washington Post, only 2 percent of promised reconstruction aid has been delivered. The hurricane season is upon Haiti, and millions there are counting on all of us making good on our pledges.

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From: radtimes
Date: 18 July 2010 21:03:05 BST
To: Recipient list suppressed: ;
Subject: A business solution to Haiti’s poverty

A business solution to Haiti’s poverty

http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2010/0712/A-business-solution-to-Haiti-s-poverty

Foreign aid was vital after the Jan. 12 earthquake. But long-term prosperity depends on business development.

By Michael Fairbanks / July 12, 2010
Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Celebrities, not-for-profits, and the multilateral banks have rallied since Haiti’s Jan. 12 earthquake. They saved lives and created some order. They also reconnected Haiti to important networks of foreign aid and charity. The question now is, how do we connect Haiti to networks of prosperity?

I was invited by the leaders of Haiti’s private sector to speak about enterprise solutions to poverty at a conference last month, held two hours outside Port-au-Prince, the capital. It took place at a former Club Med that is now the interim Haiti headquarters of the World Bank.

The list of not-for-profit organizations advocating this approach grows each day. Haiti’s thoughtful president, René Préval, told me that he did have “some reservations about aid,” and that he was “open to the private sector” to help rebuild.

Even Bono recently made the pivot away from just charity and debt forgiveness. He is lauding indigenous entrepreneurs, and says, “Smart aid aims to put itself out of business in a generation or two.”

But the private sector here has an atrocious record. “The country’s elites conspired for two centuries to maintain business models that exploited the poor,” says Pierre Marie Boisson, a Harvard-educated, Haitian international banker. “The exchange rate regime is exacerbated by the influx of aid and favors importers and wholesalers, not the poor.”

Profiles in business courage

Haitian Richard Coles is a descendent of both the English and Africans. His family has owned land since the world’s only successful slave revolution in 1803. He employs 3,000 people at his apparel-assembly plant, pays above-average wages, and provides on-site medical care.

Scores of men and women in long lines do the same work. It is hot, but I am the only one sweating. The combined noise of a thousand sewing machines makes the tin roof vibrate; the plant drones like a beehive.

Mr. Coles speculates that maybe 1,000 lives were saved the day of the earthquake just by being at work in his factory, instead of being unemployed and at home.

“The poor believe the elites were always together, but we weren’t,” he says. “We supported different politicians, different policies. Things have changed. We agree on one thing: We have failed the nation.”

Jean Buteau gave me a tour of his mango processing plant. Haiti has the microclimates to grow over 140 varieties. His suppliers are small farmers, some of whose children attend two schools he built. He could export up to five times what he does now, but Haiti doesn’t have the specialized infrastructure: multimodal transportation, refrigeration, or a world-class port.

He has just expanded his plant with help from the Soros Economic Development Fund. It has classrooms, a quality-control lab, and locker rooms with showers for workers. He plans to employ another 150 people this year, and produce a nutritious quick-frozen product for working Haitian families who could then buy it on the street.

“There are two types of people who buy their food every day,” he says, “the rich who want it fresh, and the poor who only have enough money for today.”

Olivier Barrau runs the Alternative Insurance Company. He built it to serve the well-to-do, as well as the 80 percent of Haitians who live on less than $2 a day. “We don’t have a prevention culture in Haiti; and when you react, you are not efficient,” he says. “People don’t think of insurance for the poor, as if they have nothing to protect. But the goal of insurance is to make sure people can survive hardships.”

The challenge, Mr. Barrau says, “is to build a safety net for rural people whose certificate of deposit is their cow, whose demand deposit is their goat, whose cash is a chicken.”

Mathias Pierre started GaMa, a computer hardware business. “I could have gone to America, but I stayed and earned my engineering degree,” he says. When riots in 2008 engulfed the capital, his store was destroyed. “I realized then, I had a nice car, a fine home; the people didn’t know that I was one of them,” he recalls.

Mr. Pierre started training programs for disadvantaged youth. He wrote a biography, which sold out in months. When the earthquake hit, he loaded up a truck with computer supplies and went to the president’s temporary headquarters. The government was back online in hours – days before the nongovernmental organizations arrived.

Gladys Coupet, Citibank’s chief country officer, was injured in the collapse of her building during the earthquake. She returned to work heading up key public-private sector initiatives.

“Our buildings were designed for hurricanes, heavy and inflexible; not earthquakes where we need structures that are light and agile,” she says. “It is a metaphor for our economy in the throes of globalization.”

The need for a culture of innovation

Much of the information that comes out of Haiti is from celebrities, US-based news crews, and the PR firms hired by donor organizations. One rarely hears the Haitian voice, and almost never that of the Haitian private sector. Even though humanitarian aid helped to lift the country out of crisis, it will never create prosperity for the average person.

Mr. Boisson, the banker, agrees. “We need a national vision of investment-led growth and shared prosperity,” he says. This means creating a culture of innovation: finding attractive export market segments to serve with unique products, building new distribution systems, lowering energy costs, and providing skills to Haitian citizens who will be compensated for the high value they create.

During my visit, I saw the value that a large employer can provide to Haiti; how entrepreneurs can meet the changing needs of working Haitian families; that home-grown role models exist. I also saw reservoirs of deep introspection and even compassion inside Haiti’s private sector. It remains for those of us outside Haiti to find these men and women and connect them to global networks of productivity and investment.

Kurt Jean-Charles is the founder of Solutions S.A., which creates mobile software applications for the over 1 million cellphone subscribers in Haiti. He evoked the promise of private-led growth when he told me, “Entrepreneurs put aside their comfort to create something new, and in the process, advance society.”
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Michael Fairbanks is cofounder of SEVEN, a philanthropy run by entrepreneurs. He co-wrote “Plowing the Sea,” Harvard Business School Publishing’s first book on enterprise solutions to poverty, and edited “In the River They Swim.” He advises government and business leaders in Haiti.