
Hadjara Ali Soumaila, Confederation of Women Combatants and Pan-African Leaders (Niger). Photograph by Pedro Stropasolas for Peoples Dispatch.
Dear friends,
Greetings from the desk of Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research.
A cascade of anti-French sentiment continues to sweep across the belt of the Sahel in Africa: joining Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, Chad and Senegal demanded in November that the French government withdraw its military from their territories. From the western border of Sudan to the Atlantic Ocean, French armed forces, which have been in the area since 1659, will no longer have a base. The statement by the foreign minister of Chad, Abderaman Koulamallah, is exemplary: ‘France… must now also consider that Chad has grown up, matured, and that Chad is a sovereign state that is very jealous of its sovereignty’. The key term here is ‘sovereignty’. What Koulamallah signals is that the countries of the Sahel are no longer satisfied by the symbolic independence – or flag independence – critiqued by Frantz Fanon in The Wretched of the Earth (1961), what they want is genuine sovereignty.
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